U.S. Department of State: Country Background Notes
This site offers in-depth entries on countries across the globe. While it's produced by the Department of State, History sections, and sections outlining the demographics of the population are extensive. Entries also focus on countries' international relations and relations with the U.S.
The Library of Congress, Federal Research Division: Country Studies
This site offers thorough reports on numerous aspects of a country's history and their current political, social, economic, and cultural situation. The dropdown menu Choose a Country Study offers an alphabetical list of countries with reports. From there, click on the Chapter you'd like, to get a synopsis of the topic, or the specific report sections to get a more detailed story.
Provides profile information and economic data for over 200 countries and economies. Browse by country and/or economic indicator. Data can be used free of charge with minimal restriction (see "Use Our Data" link).